Open die forging Close Die Forging Press/upset forging Roll forging Investment casting Die casting Centrifugal casting Sand casting Machining |
Open-die forging is also known as smith forging. In open-die forging, a hammer strikes and deforms the workpiece, which is placed on a stationary anvil. Metal parts are worked above their recrystallization temperatures-ranging from 1900°F to 2400°F for steel and gradually shaped into desired configuration through the skillful hammering or pressing of the work piece.
ProductScope:
Material: Carbon steel, Stainless steel, Alloy steel, Aluminumalloy, Copper alloy, etc
The scope of weight: <=50Ton
Output per year: 50000Ton
Surface finish: Rust proofing,Painting, Galvanizing, Power coating
Typicalproducts:
Larger dimension
Simpler shaped
Bars
Blocks
Rings
Hollows
Spindles
Shafts
Closed die forging alsocalled Impression Die Forging, presses metal between 2 dies that contain aprecut profile of the desired part.
Product Scope:
Material: Carbon steel, Stainless steel, Alloysteel, Aluminum alloy, Copper alloy, etc.
The scope of weight: 0.2 kgs-50 kgs
Output per year: 3000Ton
Surface finish: Rust proofing, Painting,Galvanizing, Power coating
Dimensional tolerances for impression-die forgings
Mass [kg (lb)] | Minus tolerance [mm (in)] | Plus tolerance [mm (in)] |
0.45 (1) | 0.15 (0.006) | 0.48 (0.018) |
0.91 (2) | 0.20 (0.008) | 0.61 (0.024) |
2.27 (5) | 0.25 (0.010) | 0.76 (0.030) |
4.54 (10) | 0.28 (0.011) | 0.84 (0.033) |
9.07 (20) | 0.33 (0.013) | 0.99 (0.039) |
22.68 (50) | 0.48 (0.019) | 1.45 (0.057) |
45.36 (100) | 0.74 (0.029) | 2.21 (0.087) |
Typical products:
Spanners
pedal cranks
gear blanks
valve bodies
hand tools
crankshafts
coins
Press forging:
Press forging works by slowly applying a continuous pressure or force, which differs from the near-instantaneous impact of drop-hammer forging. The amount of time the dies are in contact with the workpiece is measured in seconds (as compared to the milliseconds of drop-hammer forges). The press forging operation can be done either cold or hot.
Press forging can be used to perform all types of forging, including open-die and impression-die forging. Impression-die press forging usually requires less draft than drop forging and has better dimensional accuracy. Also, press forgings can often be done in one closing of the dies, allowing for easy automation.
Upset forging:
Upset forging increases the diameter of the workpiece by compressing its length. Based on number of pieces produced, this is the most widely used forging process. A few examples of common parts produced using the upset forging process are engine valves, couplings, bolts, screws, and other fasteners.
Roll forging:
Roll forging is a process where round orflat bar stock is reduced in thickness and increased in length. Roll forging isperformed using two cylindrical or semi-cylindrical rolls, each containing oneor more shaped grooves. A heated bar is inserted into the rolls and when ithits a spot the rolls rotate and the bar is progressively shaped as it isrolled through the machine. The piece is then transferred to the next set ofgrooves or turned around and reinserted into the same grooves. This continuesuntil the desired shape and size is achieved. The advantage of this process isthere is no flash and it imparts a favorable grain structure into theworkpiece.
Examples of products produced using thismethod include axles, tapered levers and leaf springs.
Net-shape and near-net-shape forging:
Thisprocess is also known as precision forging. It was developed to minimize costand waste associated with post-forging operations. Therefore, the final productfrom a precision forging needs little or no final machining. Cost savings aregained from the use of less material, and thus less scrap, the overall decreasein energy used, and the reduction or elimination of machining. Precisionforging also requires less of a draft, 1° to 0°. The downside of this processis its cost, therefore it is only implemented if significant cost reduction canbe achieved.
Investment casting is an industrial process based on and also called lost-wax casting, one of the oldest known metal-forming techniques. The castings allow the production of components with accuracy, repeatability, versatility and integrity in a variety of metals and high-performance alloys.
Material:
Carbon steel, Stainlesssteel, Alloy steel, Superalloy steel, Nickel-based cast superalloy, Monelmetal, Cobalt-based cast superalloy or according to customers' requirements.
The different processes:
SilicosolInvestment Casting Process (Middle-temperaturewax, high-temperature wax)
Composite ShellProcess (Silicason-waterglass composite investment casting process)
Water Glass LostWax Casting Process (Low-temperaturewax)
The differenceamong the three processes is solidifying agent for shell making is different.
The scope of weight: 0.02kgs-150kgs
The precision of dimension: CT5-CT7
Output per month: 40tons
Surface finish: Shot blasting, Galvanizing, Polishing, Painting, Passivating, Pickling,Powder coating
Material:
Aluminium alloy,Zinc alloy, Magnesium alloy, Copper alloy, Aluminium copper alloy, Aluminiummagnesium alloy, Aluminium zinc alloy, etc.
Common used Aluminium Alloy
ISO | |||||
AlSi7Mg | ZLD101 | 356.1 | GB-AlSi7Mg | LM25 | A-S7G-03 |
AlSi12 | ZLD102 | A413.1 | GB-AlSi12 | LM6 | A-S13 |
AlSi5Cu3 | ZLD103 | 363.1 | LM22 | ||
AlSi10Mg | ZLD104 | 360.2 | GB-AlSi10Mg | LM9 | S9G |
AlSi5Cu1Mg | ZLD105 | 355.1 | LM16 | ||
AlSi6Cu4 | ZLD107 | 380.2 | GB-AlSi6Cu4 | LM21 |
Common used Zinc alloy: ZA3, ZA8, ZA12,ZA27
The scope of weight: 0.02kgs-20kgs
The material used defines the minimum section thickness and minimum draft required for a casting as outlined in the table below. The thickest section should be less than 13 mm (0.5 in), but can be greater.
Metal | Minimum section | Minimum draft |
Aluminum alloys | 0.89 mm (0.035 in) | 1:100 (0.6°) |
Brass and bronze | 1.27 mm (0.050 in) | 1:80 (0.7°) |
Magnesium alloys | 1.27 mm (0.050 in) | 1:100 (0.6°) |
Zinc alloys | 0.63 mm (0.025 in) | 1:200 (0.3°) |
Output per month: 30 tons
The precision of dimension: CT4-CT7
Surface finish: Shot blasting,Polishing, Galvanizing, Anodizing, Powder coating
Scope of our business:
Castings for cars,motorcycles, electric tools, building hardwares, household hardwares,instruments for medical attendance, air-operated tools, hydraulic components,light fittings, household appliances, pumps and valves, etc.
Centrifugal casting is typically used to cast thin-walled cylinders. Centrifugal casting is chiefly used to manufacture stock materials in standard sizes for further machining, rather than shaped parts tailored to a particular end-use.
1) Materials: Carbon Steel, Stainless steel, Alloy steel and copper.
2) Max casting weight: 2000kgs.
3) Max casting length: 4000mm.
4) Max diameter: 2000mm
5) Min diameter: 70mm.
6) Min wall thickness: 8mm.
7) Assurance dimension's precision: +/- 1.5mm.
8) Surface finish: Rust preventive, Painting, Galvanizing, and Powder coating.
Application:
Centrifugal tube
Radiant tube
Reformer tube
Other special shapes
Sand casting, also known as sand molded casting, is a metal casting process characterized by using sand as the mold material. The term "sand casting" can also refer to an object produced via the sand casting process. Sand castings are produced in specialized factories called foundries. Over 70% of all metal castings are produced via a sand casting process.
Material: Gray Iron, SG Iron, Carbon Steel, Stainless steel, Alloy Steel,
Aluminum, Copper
Material standard: ISO, BS, ASTM, ASME, DIN, JIS, GB
The scope of weight: 0.10kgs-50Tons
Output per month: 500Ton
The precision of dimension:
Mould by hand CT11-CT13
Mould by machine CT8-CT10
Application:
Electrical Equipment
Transportation Industry
Marine Industry
Machinery
Decorative
Agricultural Equipment
Hydraulic and Pneumatic
Pumps, Compressors, Valves
Hoisting Equipment
Wind Energy Components
Machining:
1) machines: lathe, milling machine, grinding machine, planer, CNC equipment...etc.
2) the highest machining precision can reach Ra 0.6
3) the highest machining tolerance can reach +-0.005mm
Surface finish:
Rust proofing, painting, shot blasting, galvanizing, powder coating, black oxide,passivating, anodizing, etc.
Heat treatment:
Annealing, Normalizing, Quenching, Tempering, SolutionTreatment
Non Destructive Testing / NDT:
Ultrasonic testing
Radiographic examination
Magnetic particle testing
Dye-penetrant testing
Ultrasonic testing and radiographic examination are usually used for inspecting inner defects of the parts. Magnetic particle testing and dye-penetrant testing are used for inspecting outer defects.
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